Articles
Open Access
Peer Reviewed
Morphological Characterization of Penicillium sp. on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar Media Isolated from Agricultural Worker’s Feet
Abstract
Fungal skin infections remain a common health problem in Indonesia, primarily due to the humid tropical climate and poor environmental hygiene. Penicillium is one fungal genus that can be found on the skin, though it is not a primary dermatophyte. This study aims to detect the presence of Penicillium sp. molds and examine their macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics isolated from skin scrapings of agricultural worker. The research used a qualitative descriptive method, with skin scrapings cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Macroscopic characterization included colony color, reverse color of the colony, diameter, margins, surface texture, and growth patterns. Microscopic analysis employed the Slide Culture method with lactophenol cotton blue (LPCB) staining. Results revealed green colonies with white margins, irregular colony growth, velvety surfaces, and septate hyphae, colony diameter after one week incubation 23.5mm. Conidia appeared round and arranged in chains. Observations were compared with fungal identification keys for genus confirmation. This study is expected to provide data on the distinct morphology of Penicillium sp. and improve diagnostic accuracy for non-dermatophyte fungal skin infections in laboratory settings.
References
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31. Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Hong SB, Klaassen CHW, Perrone G, et al. Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium. Studies in Mycology. 2014;78: 343–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001.
32. Arizandy R, Rahmawati YT, Sandhi TAN. Analisis Faktor Risiko Tinea Pedis Pada Pengguna Sepatu Boots. CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal. 2023;4(1). https://doi.org/10.37148/comphijournal.v4i1.138.
33. Sowmya KL, Ramalingappa B. Microscopic Characteristics as Preliminary Identification of Some Toxin Producing Fungi from Bakery Food Samples. Food Science and Nutrition. 2024;10: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.24966/fsn-1076/100178.
34. Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, et al. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Related Genera (Eurotiales): An Overview of Families, Genera, Subgenera, Sections, Series and Species. Studies in Mycology. 2020;95: 5–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002.
2. Fatmawati A, Suardi, Diyanah D, Pada AT. Kejadian Infeksi Jamur Penyebab Tinea Pedis Terkait Higienitas Di Lingkungan Padat Penduduk Kampung Nelayan. Jurnal Medika: Media Ilmiah Analis Kesehatan. 2022;7(2): 61–69. https://doi.org/10.53861/jmed.v7i2.348.
3. Sofyan A, Buchair NH. Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin Akibat Infeksi Jamur Di Poliklinik RSUD Undata Palu Tahun 2013-2021. Preventif: Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2022;13(2): 384–392. https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v13i2.516.
4. Patrick G, Leonard M, Flohr M, Sangha N, Torres AA, Hartenstein B, et al. Prevalence of Self-Reported Dermatologic Symptoms Among Farmers Living in Gracias a Dios, Honduras. JAAD International. 2022;8: 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdin.2022.05.012.
5. Hidayat MZS, Putranti IO, Susanti D. Peningkatan Kualitas Kesehatan Petani dan Gizi Masyarakat Melalui Gerakan Dokter Tani di Desa Muntang Kecamatan Kemangkon Kabupaten Purbalingga. In: Prosiding Seminar Nasional LPPM UNSOED. Purwokerto: LPPM UNSOED; 2024. p. 124–132.
6. Marlita S, Hartati, Taufiq N. Identifikasi Jamur (Malassezia furfur) pada Kulit Wanita Penderita Pityriasis Versicolor Penghuni Lembaga Permasyarakatan Perempuan Kelas II A Sungguminasa. Tropis: Jurnal Riset Teknologi Laboratorium Medis. 2024;1(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.37304/tropis.v1i2.13469.
7. Arshad M, Abdullah, Tayyab Gul M, Ullah A, Khan A, Islam S, et al. Isolation and Identification of Soil Fungi from Selected Regions of Peshawar and Charsadda, Pakistan. The Sciencetech. 2023;4(4): 1–11. https://journals.qurtuba.edu.pk/ojs/index.php/tst/article/view/8587
8. Nita K, Azahra S, Makkadafi SP. Perbedaan Penggunaan Alas Kaki Terhadap Prevalensi Jamur Penyebab Onikomikosis Pada Petani Di Kelurahan Handil Bakti Palaran. Borneo Journal Of Medical Laboratory Technology. 2025;7(2): 826–830. https://doi.org/10.33084/bjmlt.v7i2.8238.
9. Fadilla AN, Kamilla L, Nuswantoro A, Tumpuk S. Potensi Tepung Kulit Pisang Raja Sebagai Media Alternatif Pertumbuhan Jamur Penicillium sp. Jurnal Laboratorium Khatulistiwa. 2024;8(1): 199–204. https://doi.org/10.30602/jlk.v8i1.1665.
10. Saif FA, Yaseen SA, Alameen AS, Mane SB, Undre PB. Identification of Penicillium Species of Fruits Using Morphology and Spectroscopic Methods. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2020;1644. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1644/1/012019.
11. Nurhidayah A, Dhanti KR, Supriyadi. Identifikasi Jamur Patogen Penyebab Dermatofitosis pada Jari Kaki Petani di Desa Bojongsari, Banyumas. Jurnal Labora Medika. 2021;5: 8–17. https://doi.org/10.26714/jlabmed.5.1.2021.8-17.
12. Hasan ZA, Adawiyah R, Naim N, Armah Z. Identifikasi Jamur Penyebab Onychomycosis pada Kerokan Kuku Pekerja Bangunan. Lontara Journal of Health Science and Technology. 2022;3(1): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.53861/lontarariset.v3i1.272.
13. Priyadharshini KGS, Rajesh S, Divya B, Nirmala S. 10 % Potassium Hydroxide Mount of Skin Scraping- A Simple Tool for Diagnosing Dermatophytosis in Patients Attending a Dermatology Clinic in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Salem. Journal of Health and Technology. 2025;1(2): 106–114. https://doi.org/10.65129/health.v1i2.83.
14. Fitria N, Setiawati F. Modifikasi Media Jagung (Zea mays) dan Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogea) sebagai Media Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus. Jurnal Online Institut Teknologi Nasional. 2020;8(1): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.26760/rekalingkungan.v8i1.57-66.
15. Riadi I, Octavia B, Habibi M. Deteksi dan Identifikasi Kapang pada Proses Biodeteriorasi Arsip Foto Memory of The World (MOW) Restorasi Candi Borobudur. Jurnal Konservasi Cagar Budaya. 2021;15(1): 3–14. https://doi.org/10.33374/jurnalkonservasicagarbudaya.v15i1.255.
16. Tjampakasari CR, Agustini R, Baihaki I, Noor S, Bustami A. Kultur Slide Sebagai Metode Mikroskopik Tidak Langsung Untuk Identifikasi Jamur Kapang. Jurnal Sehat Indonesia (JUSINDO). 2024;6(1): 201–210. https://doi.org/10.59141/jsi.v6i01.75.
17. Watanabe T. Pictorial Atlas of Soil and Seed Fungi. New York: CRC Press; 2010. https://doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439804193.
18. Warnnissorn P, Sawatdiwithayayong J, Surit P. Efficacy and Rapidity of Potassium Hydroxide Mount and Modified Chicago Sky Blue 6B Stain with Potassium Hydroxide in Fungal Keratitis Detection. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2024;38(2): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.3341/kjo.2023.0106.
19. Kumari V, Kumar S, Ejaz M, Kumar K, Aziz HR, Azam H. Diagnostic Accuracy of Potassium Hydroxide Mount Versus Fungal Culture in Tinea corporis. Archives of Microbiology Research. 2025;1(1): 8–13. https://www.probiologists.com/article/diagnostic-accuracy-of-potassium-hydroxide-mount-versus-fungal-culture-in-tinea-corporis
20. Nurfadillah, Hartati, Sulfiani. Identifikasi Jamur Dermatofita Penyebab Tinea unguium pada Kuku Kaki Petani di Dusun Ballakale Desa Aska Kecamatan Sinjai Selatan Kabupaten Sinjai. Kampurui Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 2021;3(2): 84–92. https://doi.org/10.55340/kjkm.v3i2.498.
21. Millatia Z, Sabdaningsih A, Muskananfola MR. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur dari Sedimen Mangrove Tapak, Semarang. Jurnal Pasir Laut. 2022;6(2): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.14710/jpl.2022.48286.
22. Simamora A V, Henuk JBD, Nenotek PS, Hahuly M V, Serangmo DYL, Kapitan W. Identifikasi Jamur Pascapanen pada Buah Tomat yang Dijual di Beberapa Pasar Tradisional di Kupang. Agrisa. 2022;11(2): 54–65. https://ejurnal.undana.ac.id/index.php/agrisa/article/download/9289/4461
23. Hafsari AR, Pertiwi VD. Isolasi dan Identifikasi Kapang Pelarut Fosfat dari Fosfat Guano Gua Pawon. Biologi dan Pendidikan biologi. 2017;10(2): 165–180. https://doi.org/10.20414/jb.v10i2.13.
24. Mahardhika WA, Dion R, Naufal MFQ, Ramadhany W, Lunggani AT. Isolation and Characterization of Mold on Furniture in Biological Laboratory Environment Using Contact Plate Method. Jurnal Biologi Tropis. 2022;22(3): 765–772. https://doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i3.3416.
25. Arini LDD, Pramonodjati F, Weka MAN. Identifikasi Karakteristik Mikroskopik dan Makroskopik pada Jamur Rhizopus sp., Aspergillus sp., dan Penicillium sp., pada Beberapa Sampel Makanan. USADA NUSANTARA: Jurnal Kesehatan Tradisional. 2026;4(1): 23–40. https://doi.org/10.47861/usd.v4i1.2150.
26. Tarigan ESB, Rahmiati, Lubis R. Karakteristik Makroskopis dan Mikroskopis Jamur Kontaminan Pascapanen pada Buah Jeruk Madu Berastagi di Desa Seribu Jandi Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi UMA (JIBIOMA). 2025;7(1): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.31289/jibioma.v7i1.6110.
27. Muggia L, Kopun T, Grube M. Effects of Growth Media on The Diversity of Culturable Fungi From Lichens. Molecules. 2017;22(5): 824. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22050824.
28. Simanjuntak N, Khotimah S, Linda R. Keanekaragaman Kapang Udara di Ruang Perkuliahan Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Tanjungpura Pontianak. Protobiont. 2015;4(2): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.26418/protobiont.v4i2.10874.
29. Doilom M, Guo J wei, Phookamsak R, Mortimer PE, Karunarathna SC, Dong W, et al. Screening of Phosphate-Solubilizing Fungi From Air and Soil in Yunnan, China : Four Novel Species in Aspergillus, Gongronella, Penicillium, and Talaromyces. Frontiers in microbiology. 2020;11: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.585215.
30. Amalia AR, Purnawati A, Prasetyawati ET. Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma sp . as Antifungal Against Rice Seed-borne Pathogen Fungi. Jurnal Pembelajaran dan Biologi Nukleus. 2023;9(November): 483–495. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v9i3.4822.
31. Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Frisvad JC, Hong SB, Klaassen CHW, Perrone G, et al. Identification and Nomenclature of the Genus Penicillium. Studies in Mycology. 2014;78: 343–371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2014.09.001.
32. Arizandy R, Rahmawati YT, Sandhi TAN. Analisis Faktor Risiko Tinea Pedis Pada Pengguna Sepatu Boots. CoMPHI Journal: Community Medicine and Public Health of Indonesia Journal. 2023;4(1). https://doi.org/10.37148/comphijournal.v4i1.138.
33. Sowmya KL, Ramalingappa B. Microscopic Characteristics as Preliminary Identification of Some Toxin Producing Fungi from Bakery Food Samples. Food Science and Nutrition. 2024;10: 1–6. https://doi.org/10.24966/fsn-1076/100178.
34. Houbraken J, Kocsubé S, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Wang XC, Meijer M, et al. Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Related Genera (Eurotiales): An Overview of Families, Genera, Subgenera, Sections, Series and Species. Studies in Mycology. 2020;95: 5–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simyco.2020.05.002.