Articles
Open Access
Peer Reviewed
Relationship Between Knowledge and Adherence on Taking Hypertension Medication
Article Publication History
Received
10 Jul 2025
Revised
29 Sep 2025
Accepted
29 Sep 2025
Published Online
30 Sep 2025
Abstract
Hypertension is a chronic condition often called the “silent killer” due to asymptomatic nature and high risk of complications such as stroke, heart failure, and kidney disease when not properly managed. In Indonesia, adherence to antihypertensive medication remains suboptimal, with patient knowledge identified as a key influencing factor. This study aimed to examine the relationship between knowledge level and adherence to antihypertensive medication among patients at Public Health Center X Palembang. A cross-sectional design was employed involving 102 hypertension patients selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using a structured, validated, and reliable questionnaire assessing knowledge related to hypertension and adherence behaviors using Cronbach alpha. Statistical analysis using the Chi-Square test showed a significant association between knowledge and adherence (p = 0.001), with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 7.091 (95% CI: 2.635–19.084), indicating that patients with good knowledge were over seven times more likely to adhere to medication compared to those with poor knowledge. Effective education improves not only awareness but also self-management skills, such as timely medication intake and handling of side effects. The results suggest that patient education should be a central strategy in primary care, particularly using accessible media like short videos and WhatsApp-based support to reach older populations.
References
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22. Puspita E. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Penderita Hipertensi Dalam Menjalani Pengobatan. Universitas Negeri Semarang. 2016;1–170.
23. Vonsa LD, Anshari Z. Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan Tahun 2020. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan - Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara. 2022;21(1):129–33. https://doi.org/10.30743/ibnusina.v21i1.175
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2. WHO. Global Report On Hypertension. 2023. 1–291 P. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240081062
3. Kemenkes. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia Nomor Hk.01.07/Menkes/4634/2021 Tentang Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tata Laksana Hipertensi Dewasa. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2021;1–85. https://kemkes.go.id/eng/pnpk-2021---tata-laksana-hipertensi-dewasa
4. Fauziah T, Nurmayni, Putri R, Pidia S, Sari S. Hipertensi Si Pembunuh Senyap “Yuk Kenali Pencegahan Dan Penangananya.” Buku Saku. 2021. 7–16 P.
5. Fauziah DW, Mulyani E. Hubungan Pengetahuan Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Anti Hipertensi. Indonesian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education. 2022;2(2):94–100. https://ejurnal.ung.ac.id/index.php/ijpe/article/view/15484
6. Pratiwi W, Harfiani E, Hadiwiardjo YH. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Dalam Menjalani Pengobatan Pada Penderita Hipertensi Di Klinik Pratama GKI Jabar Jakarta Pusat. Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran. 2020;27–40.
7. Realita Nurhanani, Susanto HS, Udiyono A. Hubungan Faktor Pengetahuan Dengan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi (Studi Pada Pasien Hipertensi Essential Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bandarharjo Kota Semarang). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (E-Journal). 2020;8(1):114–21. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/jkm/article/view/25932
8. Suhat S, Suwandono A, Adi MS, Nugroho KH, Widjanarko B, Wahyuni CU. Relationship Of Health Belief Model With Medication Adherence And Risk Factor Prevention In Hypertension Patients In Cimahi City, Indonesia. Evidence Based Care Journal. 2022;12(2):51–6.
9. Haldi T, Pristianty L, Hidayati IR. Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Sikap Pasien Hipertensi Terhadap Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Amlodipin Di Puskesmas Arjuno Kota Malang. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas. 2021;8(1):27. https://doi.org/10.20473/jfk.v8i1.22277
10. Ramahani Hasniah Juwita, Prassurya Cindy. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi Terhadap Kepatuhan Minum Obat Antihipertensi Di Puskesmas Pekauman Banjarmasin. Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Terapan Dan Kesehatan. 2024;2(3):1. https://epik.ikifa.ac.id/journals/article/view/201
11. Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang. Capaian SPM Pelayanan Penderita Hipertensi (Usia 15 Tahun Ke Atas) Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang Bulan Januari - Agustus Tahun 2023. 2023.
12. Fenta ET, Ayal BG, Kidie AA, Anagaw TF, Mekonnen TS, Bogale EK, Et Al. Barriers To Medication Adherence Among Patients With Non-Communicable Disease In North Wollo Zone Public Hospitals: Socio-Ecologic Perspective, 2023. Patient Preference And Adherence. 2024;18(March):733–44. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s452196
13. Fatma Ekasari M, Siti ESS, Badriah S, Narendra SR, Amini FI. Hipertensi: Kenali Penyebab, Tanda Gejala Dan Penangannya. Hipertensi : Kenali Penyebab, Tanda Gejala Dan Penangananya. 2021;28.
14. Andala S, Sofyan H, Hasballah K, Marthoenis. Knowledge And Acceptance Associated With Medication Adherence Among Hypertension Individuals In Aceh Province, Indonesia. Heliyon. 2024;10(7):E29303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29303
15. WHO. Hypertension [Internet]. 2023. Available From: Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Fact-Sheets/Detail/Hypertension#:~:Text=Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Is,Get Your Blood Pressure Checked
16. Khan A, Maqbool A, Khan AA, Jamil MF, Aziz B, Aziz A, Et Al. Factors Contributing To Lack Of Adherence To Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients At Nishtar Hospital In Multan, Pakistan. Cureus. 2024;16(9). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.69396
17. Sartori AC, Lucena TFR, Lopes CT, Bernuci MP, Yamaguchi MU. Educational Intervention Using Whatsapp On Medication Adherence In Hypertension And Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Telemedicine And E-Health. 2020;26(12):1526–32. https://doi.org/10.1089/tmj.2019.0305
18. Syamsudin AI, Salman, Sholih MG. Analisis Faktor Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Cimalaya Kabupaten Karawang. Pharmacon. 2022;11(3):1651–8. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/v3/index.php/pharmacon/article/view/41559
19. Kusuma Negara IGNM, Jiryantini NWS, Parwati NW. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Hipertensi Terhadap Kepatuhan Pasien Untuk Kontrol Tekanan Darah. Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Nasional. 2019;3(2):73–7. https://doi.org/10.37294/jrkn.v3i2.176
20. Faudah NN, Puspita S, Saputri ISPA. Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Pasien Hipertensi Dan Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Anti Hipertensi Di Puskesmas Gorang Gareng Taji Magetan. Aleph. 2023;87(1,2):149–200. https://doi.org/10.56586/pipk.v2i5.316
21. Juniarti B, Setyani FAR, Amigo TAE. Tingkat Pengetahuan Dengan Kepatuhan Minum Obat Pada Penderita Hipertensi. Cendekia Medika: Jurnal Stikes Al-Ma`Arif Baturaja. 2023;8(1):43–53. https://doi.org/10.52235/cendekiamedika.v8i1.205
22. Puspita E. Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kepatuhan Penderita Hipertensi Dalam Menjalani Pengobatan. Universitas Negeri Semarang. 2016;1–170.
23. Vonsa LD, Anshari Z. Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Tindakan Dengan Kejadian Penyakit Hipertensi Di Wilayah Kerja Rumah Sakit Umum Sundari Medan Tahun 2020. Ibnu Sina: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan - Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara. 2022;21(1):129–33. https://doi.org/10.30743/ibnusina.v21i1.175
24. Rahmawaty A, Pratiwi Y, Lina RN, Wijaya HM, Palupi DA, Hidayati R. Community Medicine & Education Counseling Relationship For Adherence To Taking Antihypertensive Drugs Against. 2023;4(1):270–3.
25. Kurniasih H, Winarso SP, Sartika QL. Development Of Medication Reminder Whatsapp Bot Application To Improve Medication Adherence In Pregnant Women With Hypertension. Medisains. 2025;22(3):162.