The Occurrence of Hypertension in Adult Groups of Fishermen Families

Hypertension is often called a silent killer because it triggers other deadly diseases and increases the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and renal failure. Risk factors of hypertension are genes, gender, age, race, obesity, sodium consumption, smoking, alcohol, less physical activity, stress, and caffeine consumption. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of age, sodium consumption, body mass index (BMI), the ratio of hip waist circumference (RLPP) with the incidence of hypertension in adult groups of fishermen in the work area fish Market Puskesmas Kota Bengkulu Year 2019. The study used a descriptive-analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The technique used is purposive sampling, with a sample number of 45 people aged (26-45 years). Statistical analysis is a chi-square test and logistics regression test. The results indicate the absence of age relations and RLPP with the incidence of hypertension (P-value > 0.05), there are IMT relations and sodium consumption with the prevalence of hypertension (p-value ≤ 0.05) and the most influential factor in the incidence hypertension, sodium ingestion (p-value 0.0005; OR 206, 28). Researchers advise people to reduce the consumption of high sodium foods.


INTRODUCTION
Hypertension is called a silent killer because it can trigger other deadly diseases and can increase the risk of heart attack, heart failure, stroke, and kidney failure (Prisillia Alva et al., 2016). The World Health Organization (WHO) states that 10% of the total world population is hypertensive and the number of hypertensive sufferers will increase in the next 2025, which is estimated that around 29% of the world's population is affected by hypertension (Aprillya M.T et al., 2016). Research by Diah Dhianawaty et al. (2017) shows that the prevalence of hypertension sufferers in fishing families is 50%.
Fishermen's wives also help their husbands, Sodium consumption restriction is carried out because of the potential role of sodium in causing high blood pressure (Almatsier, 2004). The primary sources of sodium are sodium chloride (table salt), baking soda, baking powder, sodium benzoate, and monosodium glutamate (Almatsier, 2004).
Based on the results of research conducted by Hasbullah et al. (2018) shows that there is a relationship between sodium intake and the degree of hypertension (Hasbullah et al. 2018).
BMI has a strong relationship with blood pressure. Increased BMI is closely related to blood pressure, where the incidence of hypertension is higher in people with a greater BMI (Astuti, Widyastuti, and Candra, 2017). Estia's study of the relationship between BMI and blood pressure based on the results of statistical tests showed that there was no significant relationship between BMI and blood pressure (Estia, 2017).
High waist-hip circumference ratio (RLPP) is associated with high malondialdehyde concentration and low antioxidant enzyme concentration. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a compound that can describe the activity of free radicals in cells so that it is used as one of the instructions for oxidative stress due to free radicals (Estia, 2017). This shows that the higher the value of RLPP, the greater the risk of increased systolic and diastolic blood pressure (Estia, 2017

Univariate Analysis
The results showed that most of the  Physiological changes that can occur due to obesity include an increase in the amount of free fatty acids that will narrow blood vessels and an increase in blood volume, which causes the heart to work harder to pump blood throughout the body so that blood pressure will increase. In addition, an increase in the sympathetic nervous system, insulin resistance, and increased activity of the angiotensin aldosterone renin system (Kotchen TA, 2006). The higher the body mass, the more blood is needed to supply oxygen and food to body tissues. This causes the volume of blood that circulates through the blood vessels to increase so that it puts

Haria S, Emy Y, Tetes WW, The Occurrence of Hypertension in Adult Groups of Fishermen Families
110 more pressure on the artery walls (Sugiarto, 2007 (Martini S et al., 2012). The results of the analysis also obtained an OR value for sodium consumption of 208,000, which means consuming excess sodium 208 times has a chance of experiencing hypertension.

Multivariate Analysis
The multivariate analysis uses logistic regression analysis, which is to find out which independent variables are more closely  The results of the study using logistic Sodium is also easily found in everyday foods, such as soy sauce, seafood, fast food, and snacks (Hartono A, 2006). Sodium is binding water when salt is consumed, and sodium will bind water so that the water will be absorbed into the intravascular, which will cause an increase in blood volume. If the blood volume increases, it also causes blood pressure to rise. In addition, sodium is a component of dissolved substances in the blood. By consuming salt, the concentration of solute will be high so that the absorption of water enters and subsequently causes an increase in blood pressure (Cahyono s, 2008).