The Digital Technology in Supporting Nursing Services During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review

Digital technology plays an important role in helping health workers and improving health services. During the COVID-19 pandemic, digital technology can be an apt solution in supporting nursing/health services to patients. This study aimed to explain digital technology in terms of its forms, functions, and obstacles when harnessed to support nursing/health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research databases were established by sourcing articles from Pubmed, ProQuest, Springer Link, Sage Journals, and Google Scholar, focusing on articles published in 2019-2022. The research results found 5 articles discussing the forms and functions of digital technology, 2 articles discussing the functions and barriers of implementing digital technology, and 4 articles discussing the forms, functions, and barriers of implementing digital technology. Most of the forms of digital technology implementation to support nursing/health services during the COVID-19 pandemic involve virtual visits, online consultations, and monitoring patient conditions remotely. The use of digital technology in supporting nursing/health services during the COVID-19 pandemic affords various gains for health workers, patients, and patient families, which serve as the drive to improve services. In addition, these obstacles can serve as the cornerstones in evaluating the use of digital technology for future improvement. Future studies are suggested to examine one form of digital technology for nursing/health services that already exist. digital penggunaan digital keperawatan/kesehatan virtual, online, monitor teknologi digital dalam menunjang pelayanan keperawatan/kesehatan pandemi COVID-19 memiliki fungsi positif bervariasi pasien, keluarga pasien yang dapat dijadikan motivasi peningkatan pelayanan. itu, beberapa hambatan yang dapat teknologi digital baik penelitian


INTRODUCTION
Health facilities, especially hospitals, are essential in providing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely providing regular health services and specific health services to  patients. Health services during the COVID-19 pandemic played considerable roles in driving the government's health policies, such as changing hospital facilities and infrastructure, limiting the number of outpatients, limiting consultation duration, limiting the capacity of family visits, and limiting the number of hospitalized patients (Sarasnita et al., 2021;Zein et al., 2021).
These changes put top priority on patients with severe, emergency cases, thus requiring immediate treatment (Putra et al., 2021;WHO, 2020). In addition, ensuring that patients get the best health services and that health workers are protected from the possibility of contracting COVID-19 is another consideration to why the changes become operative (Wang et al., 2020;Lee et al., 2020dalam Mahayana et al., 2020. During the COVID-19 pandemic, one must pay attention to physical distancing or limiting physical contact with patients to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19 (Nurani et al., 2021). In addition to the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), hospitals deploy digital technology to deliver health services (Zein et al., 2021in Sarasnita et al., 2021. The government also requires the use of digital technology for providing any health care where physical interaction is unnecessary (Pceek et al., 2020), as one of the initiatives to reduce the spread of COVID-19 (Serper et al., 2020) The use of digital technology in health services is defined as the use of technology to provide and support health services 85 Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan, Vol.10, No.1, September 2022, pp: 83-98 DOI: 10.32668/jitek.v10i1.1009 which include examination, treatment, and consultation. In this direction, remote monitoring has become an important part of medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic (Serper et al., 2020;Suhadi & Ruwiah, 2021). In addition, it holds potential role for health services to protect patients and health workers (Peek et al., 2020).. Many countries have adopted the use of digital technology during the COVID-19 pandemic to provide health services while nullifying physical interaction (Peek et al., 2020). Serper et al. (2020) (Alwashmi, 2020). In addition, it helps nurses in carrying out patient registration, patient monitoring, and administering drugs to patients more easily and rapidly (Sarasnita et al., 2021;Alwashmi, 2020;Krick et al., 2019) (Gillion et al., 2021;Drewett et al., 2021). Any relevant measures to reduce the risk of health care and hospital admissions can prevent patient deaths.
Another study documented no deaths among users of health care digital technology and two deaths among nonusers (Drewett et al., 2021). In addition, using digital technology for nursing/health services during the COVID-19 pandemic helps to reduce the length of stay in hospitals and isolation rooms (Goor et al., 2021;Dhala et al., 2020;Ushigome et al. 2021). This is proven by the research by Goor et al. (2021)  pandemic (Bouabida et al., 2022), in consideration of ensuring the sustainability of health services and the delivery of health services to patients.
In addition to being exposed to COVID-19 infection, health workers, especially nurses, also experience physical fatigue due to the increased number of patients and more working hours (Manik et al., 2020).
Addressing this issue, Dhala et al. (2020) assessed the function of digital technology for nursing/health services to reduce physical fatigue in health workers. Frith et al. (2021) reported that as many as 10 patients (76.9%) affirmed that using digital technology for nursing or health services during the COVID-19 pandemic increased patients' ability and motivation to manage their health independently. This is in line with the nursing theory by Virginia Henderson, namely the Principles and Practice of Nursing (Rofii, 2021).
Henderson recognizes the essential to increase patient independence, so that patient continues to recover even after hospitalization (Henderson, 1991;McKenna et al., 2014in Rofii, 2021. In this theory, nurses shoulder the task to assist sick or healthy individuals in maintaining their health and recovery and eventually encourage their independence once they gain the necessary strength, will, and knowledge, while accompanying and monitoring their health (Rofii, 2021